Divirgent’s World Essay

In a futuristic, dystopian Chicago, society is organized into five factions. Each faction places value solely on a specific virtue, which its members work to cultivate throughout their lives. There is Abnegation, which values selflessness, Amity, which values peace, Erudite, which values knowledge, Candor, which values honesty, and Dauntless, which values bravery. Children are raised in their parents’ faction, and once they turn sixteen, they have the option to choose for themselves which faction will be theirs for the rest of their lives, whether it’s the one they grew up in or not. Beatrice Prior is a sixteen-year-old member of Abnegation. She and her brother Caleb, who is not quite a year her elder, take the aptitude test that will tell them which faction they are most suitable for. The test consists of a simulation of a confrontation with a vicious dog. Beatrice shows aptitude for three different factions, Abnegation, Erudite, and Dauntless, and this means she is something called Divergent. She is warned to never tell anyone of her results – it is dangerous to be Divergent. After much contemplation over whether to stay in Abnegation or switch factions, Beatrice chooses to switch to Dauntless, and Caleb moves to Erudite. In Dauntless, Beatrice changes her name to Tris because she feels it will allow her to start over and become someone else entirely. She makes quick friends with two Candor transfers named Christina and Al, and an Erudite transfer named Will, while three other Candor transfers, Peter, Drew, and Molly, become her enemies. Initiation into this courageous faction involves three stages, and they will be ranked after each one. Only the top ten initiates will become Dauntless members; the rest will fail out and become factionless, forced to live on the streets of the city in poverty. The first stage of initiation involves learning how to fight from their mysterious initiation instructor, Four, and one of the cruel Dauntless leaders, Eric. Because Tris is small, she isn’t a particularly adept fighter, but she manages to get by.

Pros and Cons of Television

For most people, watching television is an enjoyable way to spend time. It is an undemanding activity that passes the time and there are very few families that don’t own at least one television. Since so many people now own a television, there has been a proliferation in the number of channels available and shows to watch, so that you can quite easily find yourself spending hours in front of the television.Consequently, you may neglect other activities that need doing. Thus, although television may help to ease boredom, there are also some negative aspects associated with watching television.Breaking news shown live on your TVGlobal news network allows the latest global events to be aired worldwide and beamed directly to your living room. Examples (from top-left, clockwise) include September 11th attack, 2004 Tsunami in Indonesia, 2008 H1N1 outbreak and 2011 earthquake in Japan.Pros of watching televisionThe positive aspects of watching television include that you have somethi ng to talk to friends and relatives about. There are certain programs which are more popular than others and if you watch them you feel included and that you have something in common with the people around you. Television can help to foster a sense of national identity, since a significant proportion of the population will be exposed to the same kinds of news programs and television shows, so that people feel that they belong to a wider community. Plus, television can also be informative and educational, opening people’s eyes up to the world outside.Educational TV programsEducational TV programs provide priceless information that not only educate but also opens up your mind. Most of these programs teach and educate people on subjects that you may otherwise will not know and are never taught in schools.Cons of watching televisionNon-educational TV programsHowever, there are also a lot of television shows that are not very educational, and could even be considered trash. Realit y shows, for instance, offer nothing of any worth to the audience, yet people still tune in. People get hooked on shows which are poorly produced and concentrate mostly on issues of sex and violence. Although there is no conclusive evidence that watching violence on television makes children more violent, when there is so much violence on television, it makes sense that people would become desensitized to it, and that this could make it easier for children to engage in violent activities.Watching too much TV can lead to weight gain, poor social skills and lower academic results Unsupervised children spending too much of their time in front of a TV can have a big impact on their life. Obesity, lack of social skills and poor academic results are just some of the effects TV have on children. Some psychologist believe that too much TV time can have a major effect in the psychology of the child. Children are suppose to interact and play, not sit and watch.Poor parenting and weight gainIt is also evident that many people spend too much time watching television, so that parents don’t bother to spend any time playing or talking with their children. It is far easier to stick them in front of the television, rather than taking them to the park. It can’t be a coincidence that so many people are now overweight when they spend much more time watching television than they would have done years ago. People used to be a lot more active, but now television is the most convenient way for individuals to keep themselves occupied. Thus, they burn hardly any calories while most probably consuming an excessive amount of calories.It’s addictiveEven though there are many negative aspects associated with watching television, many people enjoy television far too much to reduce the amount  they watch or to avoid watching television altogether. People enjoy not having to think for themselves and to be able to sit down and watch something that helps them to relax, so why would they change?

Run Forrest

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NDRun Forrest, Run! Movie critical analysis paper. James Bilesimo | Developmental Psychology | 3/19/18A Psychological Analysis of Forrest Gump. The movie Forrest Gump tells a story of a simple man and his journey through life. Forrest Gump's story takes place during a time of historical significance in our country, The United States of America. His story began in the 1950's, and ran through the 1970's. This was a period in our country where morality, and equality had come to be questioned for the first time since our country broke away from its European roots, and won its independence on July 04, 1776. The American culture and its society would be changed forever over this twenty-year course. Forrest Gump is very simple-minded man who lives his life by a set of values forever instilled in him by his mother. Early in the movie when Forrest was just a young boy, he was found to be physically handicapped forcing Forrest to wear braces (also known as foot abduction braces) on his legs. Forrest Gump also had an IQ of just seventy-five, he would now have to endure a life time of critical judgements from peers and adults alike. Forrest Gump had a very loving, and caring mother who helped him develop a deep, strong sense of â€Å"self† with her wisdom, and straight forwardness. Because of his mother's strong guidance during his early stages of life, he is able to overcome his physical handicap, and achieve his highest quality of life by doing what many people only dream of; Forrest Gump became a famous runner, football player, business owner, and war time hero. The story that this movie tells us, is a great example of how a child's mind develops through a series of stages, and through these stages they can construct their understanding of the world we live in by interacting with it. Jean Paiget developed four stages of cognitive development, which begin at birth, and span well into adulthood. Heading 2 You might like the photo on the cover page as much as we do, but if it's not ideal for your report, it's easy to replace it with your own.Just delete the placeholder picture. Then, on the Insert tab, click Picture to select one from your files.

Outdoor Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Outdoor Education - Essay Example Gender is arguably the most ubiquitous individual difference that is attracting considerable interest in the outdoor education field. In spite of this trend, there is a lack of critical reviews of the anecdotal and research literature. This paper examines the impact of gender on outdoor education experiences in areas which were chosen to be pertaining to staffing ratios, participant ratings of outdoor leaders, group processes and program outcomes. This paper is primarily a review of the research literature on the effect of gender on people's outdoor education experiences because while a reasonable body of research exists, there is a rarity in reviews of the research literature which draw on insights from the anecdotal literature. Although a comprehensive understanding of the impact that gender differences have in outdoor education is not yet developed, the interest in the filed is increasing and answers to such questions are starting to become available. With this research, it is hope that outdoor educators can make adjustments to their programs to account for gender differences. Preliminary research indicates that there are two types of literature on the influence of gender in outdoor education. The first type comprises articles and books based mostly on accumulated experience and anecdotal evidence of outdoor education practitioners. ... 2.0 Review of Related Literature 2.1Types of Gender Literature in Outdoor Education Preliminary research indicates that there are two types of literature on the influence of gender in outdoor education. The first type comprises articles and books based mostly on accumulated experience and anecdotal evidence of outdoor education practitioners. In the 1960's and 1970's, the literature pertained mostly about outdoor education for delinquent boys but the 1980's and the 1990's registered a shift in emphasis as the works became mostly authored by women who tended to focus on expressing and explaining females' experiences of the outdoors in single-sex and mixed-sex settings. The second type of gender literature in outdoor education is research studies which use qualitative and/or quantitative methodologies. The majority of these studies does not investigate the role of gender in outdoor education but mentions gender as a variable in studies of the processes and outcomes of outdoor education. While the dichotomy is not clear for many the outdoor education, the two sources of literature are distinct and make surprisingly little use of each other. As an example, in her introduction to a recent book "Women's Voices in Experiential Education", Angelou (1996) commented that: "I find it noteworthy that no authors in this volume use quantitative justification as a basis for their essays...the experiences and voices of women are the foundation for hypothesis and analysis for contributors to this text" (p.4). On the other hand, the literature remarkably lacks a critical analysis in its reporting of gender-related outdoor education findings with the results often presented in a couple of sentences while the discussions rarely utilize the

Revenue management in Hotel industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revenue management in Hotel industry - Essay Example identified three conditions which would be necessary for revenue management: there should be adequate fixed resources for sale; the resources should be perishable; and customers should be willing to pay different prices for the resources. Hotels sell rooms as fixed inventory which are highly perishable and attract different prices depending on size, location and availability of unique features. Appropriate forecast enhances identification of cost drivers leading to development of appropriate measures of performance. It would enable an organization understand how operational drivers affect its financial performance outcomes. As budget forecasts are highly dependent on demand and supply, hotels should consider their room occupancy and the charged rates should increase with increase in reservations. But in practice, this does not happen and Salerno (2012) argues that most hoteliers would blindly set rates for future and then get disappointed. Poor accuracy of budgets still remains a problem in many organizations. When forecasts are made way above or below the budget, the organization risks making bad decisions based on the incorrect projections. This would also cause the management to pay less attention to budgets as they become unreliable and not trusted. Generally, inaccurate forecasts significantly affect revenue management system performance as the organization will suffer lack of proper planning (Weatherford & Kimes, 2003). When the forecasts are set so high, Hayes and Miller (2011) argue that the forecast then becomes a motivational tool for increased performance and not a revenue management tool. However, the authors note that no organization should seek to make inaccurate forecasts. These inaccuracies would be a result of deriving facts from poor tools of budgeting such as spreadsheets fed with wrong formulae. Limited time for employees to come up with good projections and their subsequent lack of motivation could also be a reason. Additionally, sidelining

Hrm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hrm - Essay Example The human resource policies help the organizations in demonstrating both externally and internally whether they are meeting the requirements for ethics, training and diversity as well as the commitments associated with the regulations or the corporate governance (Weick, 1995). The objectives of the project is To understand the importance of domestic human resource policies and multinational human resource policies. To evaluate the similarities between domestic human resource policies and multinational human resource policies. To evaluate the dissimilarities between the domestic human resource policies and multinational human resource policies. Definitions National human resource policy frameworks encourage and support the human resource development procedure within the domestic organizations. It enhances the role of the human resource development for increasing the knowledge and skills of the employees thereby developing higher workplace capabilities (Boddy, 2008). It provides framew ork for the complex functioning within the organizations. The policies help in the development of human resource materials for ensuring consistency and high quality performance. These policies are also effective in supporting and creating the required organizational culture. The human resource policies adapted by the multinational companies for expanding the international sales are known as multinational human resource policies (Rao, 2007). The growth of these organizations along with their expansion in the emerging markets includes immense pressure. It is very important for these organizations to recognize their human resources as they are equally important as the financial assets for maintaining sustainable competitive advantage. Most of the multinational companies do not have effective leadership capital that is required to perform with efficacy in the markets across the world. One reason behind it is the lack of the managerial mobility. It is here that the multinational companie s require human resource policies for solving various issues. The human resource policies help in ensuring that the careers of the employees are developed in terms of both employability and profitability. The multinational companies previously lacked the confidence in the functioning of the human resource department in screening, reviewing and developing the employees for the important designations within the organization. The human resource policies have set a systematic framework for the improved functioning of the organizations in all these aspects. The multinational companies have to adjust with the different cultures in various parts of the world. Maintenance of the policies mentioned in this systematic framework would help in the adaptation of different cultures and coordination with different people belonging to different cultures in various parts of the world. Similarities The human resource policies in domestic as well as multinational organizations have many similarities i n their framework as well as functioning. Based upon the goals, objectives and business strategies of these organizations, the human resource policies are framed for ensuring that the human resource has the talent of meeting the performances and objectives of the organizations. The successful companies, both domestic and multinational, hire their employees very selectively by sourcing the candidates from a wide pool of applicants and

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 306 Essay - 2

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 306 - Essay Example Moreover, alliance with brands like Coca-Cola and Gerber has also boosted the market presence of Atlantic Quench. The marketing plan for the concerned firm focuses on developing a new product for entering the mass consumer market and providing the consumers a cheaper alternative against highly priced pure juices. With an aim to sell 250000 units of 250 ml tetra packs of the new product, Atlantic Quench will begin by streamlining the functional aspects of the company to reduce their cost. The product introduction is developed with differentiation focus and the control of the marketing activities will focus on cost leadership. Based on this, the price skimming has been selected as the pricing strategy. The budget developed also reflects the estimated earnings and expenses for the new product segment of Atlantic Quench in the next 4 years. With appropriate market presence and brand development activities for creating consumer awareness, Atlantic Quench can enter the global market of jui ce and nectar segment. Atlantic Quench operates in the fruit industry mainly in its home market i.e. US and is a co-operative business process. Established in the year 1934, the co-operative has become one of the most famous brands in agricultural product market with their extensive and highly demanded product base. Jointly owned by 630 cranberry and 46 grape fruit farmers, the production channel of the company is also steady and growing. As the co-operative saw the demand of their products growing in the market, they entered the retail sector with bottled fruit juices. However, the primary concern of the business is related to control its growth in an organised manner and also ensure a good relationship with the farmers. In order to overcome the financial crunch, Atlantic Quench CEO Chuck Berry decided to develop the brand of the company by converting into a full-fledged business houses. Atlantic

Teaching and Learning Through Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching and Learning Through Technology - Essay Example They suggest that the teachers must be able to implement plagiarism detection systems to deter plagiarism, and they must hold the responsibility to discourage plagiarism by all means. Only that way they will be able to help the students in making the best use of their abilities. As an educational leader, I will make sure that my college has the best plagiarism detection system implemented, and that my staff is well trained in using such softwares, so that they may be able to deter plagiarism.I selected this study because it highlights the importance of technology-based learning in schools. I believe that teacher professional development is highly important for student learning, and this study focuses on teacher professional development through the use of technological advancements. The researcher has talked about the perspective of teachers about teaching through technology in a school in the United States. School teachers and a researcher participated in the study and discussed the importance of their community involvement as well as the professional development. A design frame work was discussed, which highlighted the design, implementation, and evaluation of the teacher professional development. The article talks about how student learning is made better through the use of technological tools and accessories. As an educational administrator, I would use this study to inform my teachers the importance of teaching through technology. I would make sure that my school has enough resources to afford sophisticated technological tools to aid the learning process in classrooms. I would arrange computer labs and assistants in my school so that students may be able to polish their computer-based learning.  

Compare and contrast the development strategies of Mao Zedong and Deng Essay

Compare and contrast the development strategies of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Examine the successes and failures of each strategy - Essay Example The focus on economic and agricultural reform is what made the two leaders very similar. That is, they were both concerned about improving their country through agricultural and economic reform. More so, they were both communists looking forward to lead China in that direction. They both started many social, cultural and economic reforms in which some failed and some were successful. According to Deng, socialism was a means to economic development (Ash, Howe and Kueh 2013, p.15). Deng Xiaoping has been identified as a good leader whose actions led to the improvement of the Chinese society. On the other hand, Mao’s actions resulted in more damage than good for the Chinese citizens. Notably, Mao Zedong suggested many strategies in the establishment of Chinese socialism. Some of these included large-scale land reforms and collectivization of agriculture, which were meant to recover the economy and modernize China. In addition, he transformed the living standards of individuals in rural areas by improving healthcare and introducing middle-school education (Bramall 2008, p.549). The land reforms were marked with the enactment of the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950, which aimed at dismantling China’s feudal system (Shen 2000, p.3). After land reforms, individuals were able to produce more and the increased production provided enough raw materials for industrial development. Thereafter in 1958, Mao introduced the Great Leap Forward under which high targets were created for industry and agriculture. Mao hoped that China could catch up with Britain in steel and other industries, and so he introduced the collectivization of agriculture under which individuals were t o leave their land and join cooperatives. However, this policy failed and had catastrophic impacts as individual’s working incentives declined leading to food shortage. About fifteen million Chinese people lost their lives due to

Earth Sociology Essay Example for Free

Earth Sociology Essay The author of the book entitled Down to Earth Sociology focused his writings on conceptual issues regarding the social interactions of the people in everyday life including the aspect of understanding the individual experiences in the society and the analysis of the different dominant social cultures. The selections of the said book also emphasizes the different significant themes of the modern sociology including sociological analysis of the concept of gender, power, politics, sports, religion, racial tensions, crimes, poverty, homelessness, and the global outlook of economic capitalism. In this book, the author Henslin presented his ideas and analysis in the same scientific manner and process that is being implemented by the contemporary sociologist of the modern age. Through this, the book has able to critically analyze and present every intricate detail that is involved in the sociological research as guided by the main concept of the hypothesis. The book presented its views in relation to the present hypothetical concepts and theories in trying to explain and interpret the different social phenomena in the modern civilization. Included in the book of Henslin are detailed discussions of the different sociological theories that are guiding the research and development pursuit of the said field. These sociological theories are defined to have been developed at multiple levels, ranging from large theory to highly definite and explicit small-scale ones. Rather than thinking of one theory being excellent to the other theories it is more beneficial as well as informative to view these different theories as correlation with each other. One of the sociological theories on how to explain different phenomena that has been elaborated is the Structural-Functionalism, which is defined as a sociological theory that pertains on how to explain several social institutions as a means to be able to satisfy or fulfill the individual’s biological means. Another theory that has been discussed in Henslin’s book is the Conflict theory that is explained as a sociological theory that points out that society is not about unity or universal agreement but rather this theory is all about competition. According to this theory, society consists of different individuals who are competing for the limited supply of resources. An example of this conflict is in the Legislative branch of the United States Government wherein men are still viewed as more powerful and superior over women when it comes to the politics. As an effect, women’s privileges to express their opinions and ideas are still significantly limited. In this situation, it is clearly stated that there is a clash or conflict between genders, which also illustrate the obvious concept of inequality between men and women. Aside from the ones previously mentioned, another theory that was discussed by Henslin is the Symbolic Interactionalism that is discussed as a sociological approach on how to understand the proximity or relationship between human and society. The basic idea of Symbolic Interactionalism is that human action and interaction are only by means of exchanging substantial communications and symbols. Based on this theory, humans and lower forms of animals are different from each other because lower form of animals can easily respond to the environment while the human being has the capability to interrupt this process. In addition, lower forms of animals do not have the capability in conceiving different alternative responses to gestures unlike human beings they can easily grasp different gestures. Another theory is the Role Theory; this pertains to the different roles represented by an individual in their everyday lives such as the father, secretary, or friend. For instance, most people their notion or representations of secretary include: answering phone calls, making and managing appointments, filling different paper works, and typing memorandums. These different roles of a secretary could not be expected of professional basketball player. Basically, every individual have different personalities and roles in the society. In addition, the book entitled Down to earth sociology by James M. Henslin focused on real life situation in which all the readers can surely relate. Henslin’s book is indeed user friendly, entertaining to read and indeed valuable because it talks about actual life situations and social phenomenon. The sociological perspectives that is generally employed in the book enables the people to look below the surface of social life and examine different factors that shape our behavior, attitudes, and culture as well as our beliefs in life. Bibliography Henslin, J. M. (2005). Down to Earth Sociology. The Free Press, New York, USA. 13th Edition, Pages 281-296. ISBN 0743267605. Von Der Haar, Christine M. (2005). Social Psychology: A Sociological Perspective. Prentice Hall, USA. ISBN: 0130809837.

Selfishness Victor Frankenstein

Selfishness Victor Frankenstein In Frankenstein, both the film and novel portray Victor as a selfish character who is only concerned about his own well-being. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Victor is completely focused on creating human life and does not care that he is hurting his family, Elizabeth and the monster. The same is true in the film, what looks like a self-less act on Victors end by creating a wife for the monster he really wants to keep Elizabeth for himself when he brings her back to life after the monster kills her. The film by Kenneth Branagh and the novel both accentuate how irresponsible Victors character as he withholds information from his family and does not tell the truth to prevent Justine from being executed for a murder she did not commit. Both texts juxtapose Victors character with his monsters character as he helps out a family as he teaches himself how to read. We see how unselfish the monster is compared to Victor. (Fix after and add a quote from source) First of all, Frankenstein created the monster so he could manipulate the power of life, not to learn from the experience. He started the experience out of his own self indulgence as ignores his family back in Geneva. He is so immersed in his studies fascinated by the creation of life as he studies what the human body is made up of and how it falls apart. At first it appears that he is just an enthusiastic scholar, but later we learn that Victor has been going to gravesites collecting corpses to bring life to human parts which were once deceased. Victor completely disengages from the world when away at school after his mother dies of scarlet fever which he did not take very well. It is so long before the mind can persuade itself that she, whom we saw everyday, and whose very existence appeared a part of our own, can have departed for everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦why should I describe the sorrow which all have felt.(Shelley 43) He completely devotes himself to creating this masterpiece still in pain over the death of his mother becomes obsessed neglecting the loved ones who are still alive as he becomes pale and lonely obsessed completely with the task. It is not until he experiences the pain of death that he is driven to try and control it. He wants new knowledge so that he can prevent himself from dying, to discover how to be immortal as he spends many sleepless nights in order to bring life to his monster. In the novel, each time one of his teachers show Victor something new he works hard to master it which is why it appears that he is just an excited student, whereas in the film Victors professors forbid him to talk about reviving human life. In the film it is clear what Victor is after so we are not surprised when he creates the monster since his obsession is obvious. As Lunsford argues: Victor has no real friendships when he goes to university and begins his quest for enlightenment. Although Victor says he will have to form [his] own friends in Ingolstadt, he never does, at least not in the traditional sense. Instead, he latches onto the prospect of his reputation and resolves to enter the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which of course leads him to literally form his own friend-the monster (Lunsford) Secondly, once he finally succeeds at creating the monster he immediately runs away, claiming that he was protecting his life which adds to his selfishness. In reality, he is disgusted by the sight of his creation so he abandons it leaving it all alone in the world without any guidance and runs away to the next room. So not only is Victor selfish but he is shallow as well: I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[h]is limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the world of muscles and arteries beneathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but now that I had finished the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created.(Shelley 57). Instead of realizing that he achieved his goal of bringing life to an inanimate body he runs way because of how hideous it is. As Hatch points out, even Walton is repulsed by the monsters appearance Never did I behold a vision so horrible as his face, of such loathsome, yet appalling hideousness. I shut my eyes involuntarily (Shelley 240). Fear and disgust are mixed in these reactions, but what is stressed is disgust. ( Hatch 35). Since the monster is so hideous Victor avoids any responsibility of caring or nurturing the (Hatch)monster like a father would have to, and he leaves his creation to fend for itself. He was so obsessed with creating life that he does not imagine what the final product will look like, he is blinded by his passion. Since the creature is reborn he is unable to care for himself similar to a young child and Victor disowning him forces him to figure out how to act on his own. As Lunsford points out, Upon discovering the secret to reanimating dead corpses, Victor endeavours to create a being like himself.( Lunsford) Victor is also very rude to his monster after the creature kills a few of his family member which I feel he deserved. He encounters his creature and instantly threats him calling him a [d]evil and vile insect(Shelley 99) that must stay away or be trampled to dust. Instead of apologizing for abandoning the creature he threatens him creating more anger. The monster replies explaining how he feels in a world that hates him: All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me(Shelley 99). A speech which would create some sympathy makes Victor even angrier which proves how selfish he really is. All he wants to do is kill the monster, forget he even exists, to rewrite his wrong. As Victor tries to erase his past he constantly withholds information or lies about his creation. This is shown in the film when he tells Elizabeth he must go away again to please the monster so he will leave Victor alone. Elizabeth objects wanting to marry Victor right away in the film, whereas in the novel throughout the text he continues to take Elizabeth for granted. Victor postpones the date of their union as he assumes she will comply. He uses Elizabeth whenever he feels like it expecting that she will marry him when he returns to Geneva which is emphasized in the film. Elizabeth suggests that Victor has changed and wants to know the secret he has been hiding which gives her character more depth in the film. In the novel she does not have much of a say for the decision must be approved by Victors father who insists he bring Henry along. He lies to his father requesting a trip to England before he marries Elizabeth. I expressed a wish to visit England; but, concealing the true r easons of this request, I clothed my desires under a guise which excited no suspicion (Shelley 152) Victor lies and also omits information that would explain the events which took since the monster was created. Withholding information occurs quite frequently especially concerning his family members deaths. When William is killed and he suspects the monster, he says nothing. Later when Justine is arrested, he once again keeps quiet about his creation. She is later found guilty and executed, he does nothing to stop the execution. What is more selfish then letting an innocent girl die for someone elses crime? In the film Victor does not speak up to save the life of Justine, the housekeeper, whereas in novel he tells his family that she is innocent but is too afraid to announce it publicly assuming evidence would surface that she has been wrongfully accused. My dear father, you are mistaken; Justine is innocentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I had no fear, therefore, that any circumstantial evidence co uld be brought forward strong enough to convict her. My tale was not one to announce publicly; its astounding horror would be looked upon as madness (Shelly 81). Victor first of all assumes that her name will be cleared, and he had many chances to speak up to save the life of Justine by telling the truth about the monster he created, instead he wallows in guilt. Instead of saving the life of the housekeeper who has already been through so much, he keeps his secret to maintain his good image. Not only does Victor keep the creature a secret, but destroys the female companion he creates preventing the monster from being happy like he is with Elizabeth. He destroys the monster because he realizes that creating a second monster may lead to further problems, or pain to him. Later in the text, Victor begins to be less selfish as he accepts the revenge of the monster, rather than finding someone else to blame he accepts responsibility for what has happened. Victor is very irresponsible which make it reasonable to label him as selfish in his motivations.   First of all, he uses the information he learns at the University of Ingolstadt  to create the monster, a forbidden experiment in the film because of the consequences which Victor does not consider. Even though he experiences tragic events he continues to pursue experiments and knowledge which have already been proven to be destructive. As well, when he succeeds at creating the monster he runs away abandoning his creation taking no responsibility for him at all. Lunsford argues another important point: [T]he novel reads as the story of a man who at every turn is given the opportunity to put the lives of others before himself. Immediately upon animating the monster, Victor becomes overwhelmed by the physical repulsiveness of the life he has created and flees from the very thing over which he has toiled for two years. This speaks to Victors unwillingness to deal with his creation as a living being. Perhaps if Victor had valued the life he created-and helped the monster at this critical moment-he would have prevented most of the devastation that follows. But he fears what people will think of him for creating a monstrosity and abandons his creation at the moment it enters the world, thus preserving his reputation but placing his family at risk. (Lunsford) As the monster begins to murder his family he continues ignore the evil he is responsible for. After Victor destroys the monsters chance of happiness, the creature threatens him vowing to be with him on his wedding day to seek his revenge. Even though he has been threatens and knows the monster is capable of killing, Victor still runs off to marry Elizabeth which is also selfish of him to do. Another example is when Victor is dying, he feels he is not at all responsible for any blameless of any bad behaviour on his part in creating the creature emphasizing how irresponsible he is throughout both novel and film. Lastly, after the monster threatens Victor he begins to be more concerned for his life now that he knows what his creation is capable of. He assumes that his creation will come after him in seeking his revenge. He narrates how he took precautions against the monster: [T]his night is dreadful, very dreadful. I passed the hour in this state of mind, when suddenly I reflected how fearful the combat which I momentarily expected would be to my wife, and I earnestly entreated her to retire, resolving not to join her until I obtained some knowledge as to the situation of my enemyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the scream was repeated, and I rushed into the roomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[s]he was there, lifeless and inanimate (Shelley 195) Victor is only concerned for his own life that he disregards the life of his recent wife, Elizabeth. He is surprised that the monster murders Elizabeth instead of him, even though that is exactly what Victor did as he destroyed the female creation which was supposed to be the monsters partner. As well, Victor continues to try and hide the creation away from Elizabeth as he convinces her to go to bed to prevent her from finding out about the monster he created, fearing that she will not love him as dearly. In contrast with the novel, the film emphasizes Victor Frankensteins selfishness as he brings Elizabeth back to life so that he can continue to be happy. as viewers we feel angry for making Elizabeth go through more than she deserves, proving that he will stop at nothing to achieve his goals no matter who it hurts. Overall, due to Victors selfishness we feel sorry for his creation. In both texts we see Victor Frankenstein as the monster not the creature.

Biomedical Model of Health

Biomedical Model of Health Name: Erica Rogers-Compton Per the World Health Organisation 1948 constitution, Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing with not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In the middle of the nineteenth century, biomedicine was considered to be an essential model, it was used by the healthcare practitioners, in order to identify disease (Lupton, 2012). The biomedical model of health focused on how the human body works and how infection can be controlled, or cured by means of medical intervention. It provided the support on which the establishment of healthcare system is founded within societies; there have however been numerous uncertainties related to its impact on the common health pattern, as most of the health determinants are more environmental and social. The World Health Organisation (WHO), term biomedical model of health emphasises completely on biological determinants and eliminates all environmental, psychological and social influences. Moreover, Deacon (2013) has claime d that, since the last two centuries, biomedical model of health is viewed as a reductionist approach in the Western countries. In this method, illness is supposed to be caused by infections or injury and there is neglect to the socio-economic, psychological and environmental influences. In the course of the most recent two centuries the biomedical model has been enormously tested by researchers in the medicinal and sociological field. This feedback was realised by the intense increment in the therapeutic costs. Mettler (2016) conducted in which he discussed that the viability of the medicinal model has been over accentuated. He additionally contended that the lessening in the demise rate, which occurred a few years back inside the created world was impacted by great dietary pattern and appropriate cleanliness than it was with inoculation (vaccinations), and other social insurance intercession. This view was supported through the re-evaluation of the spending operating cost and money on medicinal services framework, which prompted only wastage. Moreover, Darlow, et al. (2012), has also mentioned that rather than medication giving a healing help to the masses, it added more to their issue by presenting what is called Iatrogenesis which signifies Specialist created ill ness, for illustration, the result impact of utilising medication and some destructive impact of surgery. It is faulted the medicinal services suppliers and the pharmaceutical organizations of creating the social Iatrogenesis. This brought into spotlight utilization of human services item which was brought on by increment wellbeing need. He likewise affirmed that the arrangement of medicalisation additionally achieved what we call social iatrogenesis, which implies that the healthcare organization has taken individuals off the capacity to adapt the illness and pain. Additionally, Rotheram-Borus, et al. (2012), has claimed that person ought to attempt to maintain a strategic distance from the control of medication over their lives. He guaranteed that the restraining infrastructure of solution over cure ought to be halted, so individuals can settle on choice on their lifestyle. Critically; The biomedical model of illness received by society can have vital outcomes. In the primary world war, for instance, officers griping of side effects in the wake of encountering serious issues were once in a while shot as malingerers (pretending to be sick), however today they are considered casualties and qualified for money related settlements or Social acknowledgment that a conducted or reported manifestation constitutes a sickness offers benefits on an individual and formal obligations on society. Presently, most models of illness accept a causal connection amongst illness and disease, the apparent state of weakness felt by a person. Social wellbeing convictions and models of sickness decide the apparent significance of side effects and the ensuing utilisation of therapeutic resources. The thought that a particular disease underlies overall illness has prompted medicalisation of regularly experienced atypical sensations and frequently doubt of patients who represent with illness without any verifiable process of disease. In spite of their significance, biomedical models of health are once in a while expressly discussed about or characterised. The regularly disapproval however incidentally overwhelming twentieth century biomedical models begin from Virchows decision that all ailment comes about because of abnormalities of cells of a human body. The biomedical model distinctly significant for some infection based diseases, has instinctive advances, and is supported by an abundance of underneath natural and scientific findings. By grasping reductionism, in any case, biomedical models of ailment consolidate a few firmly related arrangements of principles. These can be outlined as: All sickness, indications and signs emerge from a basic irregularity inside the body (generally in the working or structure of particular organs), alluded to as an infection or disease, all infections offer ascent to indications, finally if not primarily, and even though different elements may impact the outcomes of the illness , they are not identified with its manifestations or developments, wellbeing is the nonappearance of illness or disease, mental experience, for example, emotional delusions and depression, are separate from and associated to the other types of disturbances of functions within the human body, the patient is a casualty of situation with practically no liability regarding the nearness or reason for the illness, and the patient is an inactive receiver of treatment, in spite of the fact that collaboration with treatment is normal. A wide range of models of disease exist, starting in professions, specialties, and elsewhere. The social model essentially concentrates on the causation of incapacity by society instead of the entire range of illness. The bio-psychosocial model is maybe the most popular. Over 400 Medline titles incorporate the word, and it is progressively utilised as a part of numerous zones of medicine. As compare to the biomedical model, it perceives that mental and social components impact a patients discernments and activities and thusly the experience of what it feels like to be ill.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ In Britain, Carrier (2015) reported that, it was evaluated that around 10% of individuals hospitalised experience some sort of iatrogenisis, which is equal to about 850.000 event for each year. Wellbeing is said to be exceedingly medicalised in this model which prompted a general perspective of individuals (Carrier, 2015). Ogden (2012), reported this reality about restorative locale by referring to a case of labor. This was detracted from ladies by the establishment of drug by guaranteeing that by the 1970s all youngster conveyance occurred in the healing facility. This activity made pregnant ladies to be taken care of like a wiped out individual. In this regard an ordinary educational affair was transformed into a restorative issue, which requires the help of the medicinal group (Ogden, 2012). The model concentrates for the most part on the mending procedure which is off guard to anticipation and wellbeing advancement mind nearer to the people. Travis, (2014) expressed that biomedicine has declined to recognise the way that the human body is connected with the social environment. Besides, it also has emphasised that the biomedical model ignored the nearness of the social disparities in wellbeing. He likewise contended that for successful treatment, the general population experience about illness and health must be recognised. As indicated by the viewpoint of biomedical health of model it has been contended that doctors support the rate of production of the general public by clarifying wellbeing as the possibility to work, he additionally dispersed that working is superior to joblessness (Travis 2014) It was underlined that the healthcare professionals are faulted of medicalisation in the event that they consider the societal impact of patient and on the off chance that they disregard, the claim still holds. The bias of gender inside the biomedical space was unmistakably underlined from the contention viewpoint. It was referred to by Nettleton from the womens activist perspective that sexist belief systems of the therapeutic calling present ladies as a peon (unskilled), contrasted with the men folks. For case, it was connected that the continuous female visits to the healing facility and centres contrasted with their male partner is a result of the way their body is intended for childbearing, furthermore for the nurture other relatives. Gabrielsen (2014) expressed that there are numerous routes in which the womens activist censure how the therapeutic professionals cooperate with patient. She emphasized that a large portion of the female issues from the restorative perspective should be addressed. She bolstered are proof by referring to a case of menstrual torment among ladies. She said that some female overstretches the seriousness of the torment, while most overlooks it. She additionally specified that the therapeutic specialists considers male as top of the line resident in the ways they interface with them contrasted with their female people. Gendered nature of force in biomedical research and clinical practice was connected in the US Public Health Service Task Force (Miller, et al., 2013). This was composed in 1985 on issue of health of females. It was expressed in it that there was disregard in the way females wellbeing was being taken care of. They contended that the biomedical research laid more accentuation on illnesses that can bring about high danger of mortality in men contrasted with the ladies regardless of that the sicknesses were not sex-particular example breast Cancer. Similarly, it has been supported to this reality by tolerating that male sexual orientation still stands as a measure to assess the status of wellbeing of both genders, notwithstanding the commotion to expand individuals learning about ladies wellbeing. Gabrielsen (2014), reported that a social arrangement was proclaimed by the Federal Food and Drug Administration in 1993.This was achieved to put a stop to the unending utilization of ladies as research creatures and to diminish the issue that could happen if hatchling is presented to look into. Females wellbeing was imperilled through premature birth realised by the biomedical model. This view was supported through relating that the healthcare professionals help the male by urging the female to experience tuba ligation which is a type of family arranging that make females permanently sterile. This activity supports the male, yet negative to the female always due to powerlessness to get pregnant. This demonstrates the men has truly overwhelmed the world and couldnt care less about the females prosperity. The radical womens activist referred to acknowledged that the western pharmaceutical has given men an excessive amount of chance contrasted with the ladies. This has permitted men to assume control over the ladies bodies. It was proposed that this procedure can be controlled by guaranteeing that ladies specialists treat the wiped out ladies inside the general public that is antiracist, hostile to exist, and against heterosexist. This thought was likewise contended from anoth er perspective by the reformist that the wellbeing framework should be changed from inside. This is to guarantee that female specialists are additionally utilized in more noteworthy number furthermore implementing responsibility by the restorative experts. It has been concluded that the biomedical model of health offers a method for adjusting clinical strategies in biomedical practice to culturally diverse care and study. Every progression of the critical thinking process has parallel exercises in customary and family frameworks of care. At every progression, discrepant desires, rehearses, family capacity, and correspondence style highlight territories of potential worry in clinical critical thinking. Critical thinking crosswise over social limit regularly includes looking for assistance from individuals from the group, from the sociologic, humanities, and from anthropologists. Whats more, patients turn into an important wellspring of data and, when wiped out, regularly uncover issues that may somehow or another never be revealed. Bibliography Haralambos, M. and Holborn, M. (2013) Haralambos Holborn sociology: Themes and perspectives. 8th edn. London, United Kingdom: Collins Educational. al, et, Moore, S. and etc, et al (2001) Sociology for AS level. London: Collins Educational. Giddens, A. and Griffiths, S. (2006) Sociology. 5th edn. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. References Carrier, J. (2015). Managing long-term conditions and chronic illness in primary care: A guide to good practice. . Routledge. Darlow, B., Fullen, B. M., Dean, S., Hurley, D. A., Baxter, G. D., Dowell, A. (2012). The association between health care professional attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with low back pain:. European Journal of Pain, 16(1) , 3-17. Deacon, B. J. (2013). The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(7) , 846-861. Gabrielsen, L. (2014). Bias at the Gate? The Pharmaceutical Industrys Influence on the Federally Approved Drug Compendia. American journal of law medicine, 40(1), 141-163. Lupton, D. (2012). Medicine as culture: Illness, disease and the body. . Sage. Mettler, T. (2016). Anticipating mismatches of HIT investments: Developing a viability-fit model for e-health services. International journal of medical informatics, 85(1) , 104-115. Miller, V. M., Rice, M., Schiebinger, L., Jenkins, M. R., Werbinski, J., Nà ºÃƒ ±ez, A., et al. (2013). Embedding concepts of sex and gender health differences into medical curricula. . Journal of Womens Health, 22(3) , 194-202. Biomedical model of health Biomedical model of health THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF HEALTH AND HOW IT AFFECTS WOMENS HEALTH Biomedicine has been around since the middle of the nineteenth century as the major model used by health practitioners to detect diseases (Nettleton, 1995).This biomedical model of health have centred on how the human body functions and how diseases can be stopped, or healed through medical intervention(Taylor and field 2003). This model continues to be the bedrock in which foundation of health care system is based in the western societies, but there has being a lot of queries concerning its influence on the general pattern of health, since majority of health determinant are social and environmental. Arkinson (1988 p.180)claimed that the biomedical model, which as taken over the formal health care system in the West since the last two centuries view health along the reductionist approach. In this approach illness is said to be caused by injury or infections and there is neglect to the psychological, socio-economic and environmental influences (Taylor and field 2003). Over the last two centuries the biomedical model has being greatly challenged by scholars in the medical (Engel, 1981) and sociological field. This criticism was brought about by the drastic increase in the medical expenses. Engel (1981) stated that the effectiveness of the medical model has been over emphasized. Mc Keown (1976) also argued that the reduction in the death rate which happened some years back within the developed world was influenced by good eating habit and proper hygiene than it was with immunisation, and other health care intervention. This view was supported by Powles (1973) by re-emphasizing that spending money on health care system had led to nothing but wastage. Illich (1990) also argued that instead of medicine providing a curative assistance to the populace, it added more to their problem by introducing what is called iatrogenesis which means Doctor-caused illness,for example, the aftermath effect of using drug and some harmful effect of surgery. Illich(1990) blamed the health care providers and the pharmaceutical companies of inventing the social iatrogenesis .This brought into limelight consumption of health care product which was caused by increase health need. He also testified that the system of medicalisation also brought about what we call cultural iatrogenesis, which means that the medical industry has robbed people off the ability to cope with pains and illness .Illich (1990) argued that human being should try to avoid the control of medicine over their lives. He claimed that the monopoly of medicine over cure should be stopped, so that people can make decision on their way of life. Stryer and Clancy (2005) reported that in Britain it was estimated that around 10% of people hospitalised undergo some kind of iatrogenisis, which is equivalent to roughly 850.000 occurrence per year. Health is said to be highly medicalised in this model which led to a general view of human beings (Illich, 1976).Oakley, 1976 and Donnison, 1977 reported this fact about medical jurisdiction by citing an example of childbirth. This was taken away from women by the institute of medicine by ensuring that by the 1970s all child delivery took place in the hospital (Tew, i990).This action made pregnant women to be handled like a sick person. In this respect a normal life experience was turned into a medical problem, which requires the assistance of the medical team (Martin, 1989). The model focuses mainly on the healing process which is at a disadvantage to prevention and health promotion care closer to the populace (Taylor and field 2003). Engel (1981) stated that biomedicine has refused to acknowledge the fact that the human body is linked with the social environment. Nettleton (1995) reiterated that the biomedical model neglected the presence of the social inequalities in health. He also argued that for effective treatment, the lay people experience about health and illness must be acknowledged. According to the perspective of Marxists, he argued that doctors encourage the production rate of the society by explaining health as the potential to work, he also disseminated that working is better than idleness(Waitzkin, 1989).It was emphasized that the health professionals are blamed of medicalisation if they consider the societal influence of patient and if they ignore, the accusation still holds (Nettleton, 1995). The gender bias within the biomedical domain was clearly emphasized from the conflict perspective (Nettleton,1995).It was cited by Nettleton from the feminist point of view that sexist ideologies of the medical profession present women as a second class citizen, compared to the men folks(Scully and Bart,1978;Martin,1989).For example, it was related by (Nettleton,1995)that the frequent female visit to the hospital and clinics compared to their male counterpart is because of the way their body is designed for childbearing and also for the care they provide for other family members. Foster (1989) stated that there are many ways in which the feminist criticize how the medical practitioners interact with patient. She reiterated that most of the female problems from the medical point of view need to be questioned. She supported are evidence by citing an example of menstrual pain among women. She said that some female overstretch the severity of the pain, while most ignores it(Foster,1989 p.339).She also mentioned that the medical practitioners considers male as first class citizen in the ways they interact with them compared to their female folks. Gendered nature of power in biomedical research and clinical practice was related in the US Public Health Service Task Force (Patricia and Chiloe 1999).This was written in 1985 on womens health issue. It was stated in it that there was neglect in the way womens health was being handled .They argued that the biomedical research laid more emphasis on diseases that can cause high risk of mortality in men compared to the women despite that the diseases were not sex-specific like breast cancer. Robert (1990, 1992) also supported this fact by accepting that male gender still stands as a measure to evaluate the status of health of both sexes, despite the clamour to broaden peoples knowledge about womens health. Patricia and Chiloe (1999) reported that a social policy was promulgated by the Federal Food and Drug Administration in 1993.This was brought about to put a stop to the incessant use of women as research animals and to decrease the problem that could occur if foetus is exposed to res earch. Womens health was endangered through abortion brought about by the biomedical model. This view was supported by Foster (1989)by relating that the doctors assist the male by encouraging the female to undergo tuba ligation which is a form of family planning that make women sterile forever. This action favours the male, but detrimental to the female forever because of inability to get pregnant. This shows that the men has really dominated the world and do not care about the well being of women. The radical feminist cited by Nettleton (1995) accepted that the western medicine have given men too much opportunity compared to the women. This has allowed men to take over the womens bodies. It was suggested that this process can be controlled by ensuring that women doctors treat the sick women within the society that is antiracist, anti-sexist, and anti-heterosexist (Williams,1989;Abbott and Wallance,1990).This idea was also argued from another point of view by the reformist that the health s ystem need to be changed from within .This is to ensure that female doctors are also employed in greater number and also enforcing accountability by the medical practitioners.

Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments Essay example -- Business Managemen

Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments Biography of Elton Mayo George Elton Mayo was born on 26th December 1880 in Adelaide, South Australia. He was brought up by his respected colonial family. His father was a civil engineer who was married to Henrietta Mary nee Donaldson. They wanted their son, Elton Mayo to do well in his education and to succeed something in life. Mayo was looking forward to follow his grandfather’s path in medicine but, he failed his studies at university in Edinburgh, Scotland. In Great Britain, he wrote a book on Australian politics for the Pall Mall Gazette and taught at the Working Men’s College in London. Mayo returned to South Australia to work in an Adelaide Publishing organisation, where his management practices were not accepted. He went to university and he became the most intelligent student in philosophy. In 1912, he became a foundation lecturer and taught many subjects such as, philosophy, economics and new psychology of Pierre Janet (the French psychologist, who had researched the problems of repetitive and monotonous tasks in industry), at a newly established university in Queensland. In Queensland, Mayo married to Dorothea McConnell, who has been educated in landscape art at the Sorbonne. They had two daughters, Patricia and Ruth Elton Mayo. Patricia followed her father’s management thinking. Ruth became a British artist and novelist. Throughout the First World War, he served on government bodies and lectur...

Living in the 1600 and 1700s Essay -- religion, diseases, historical a

Several people who live today have distaste for manual labor, such as farming, making crafts, laundry, or cleaning. However, all of these tasks were included in the list of daily chores for colonial children. While some detest tiring work, others cannot stand boredom. No matter how tired you were, you would still have to go to church once or twice a day on the Sabbath. The only way to get out of work would be getting sick. Because the colonists’ only medicine was from plants, the chances of dying or being scarred for life were high. If living the 1600s and 1700s could be described in one word, it would be tiresome. After all, diseases were as common as air, everyday was spent working or at least being productive in some way, and if there was time for a respite, it would be on the Sabbath, a day dedicated to God. Diseases were common and widespread in the colonies. Countless times, epidemics have struck everywhere, from major cities to small countryside. Characterized by horrid rashes, smallpox was a despised disease that existed throughout history and throughout the colonies. If y...

Exam

They are already living in an expensive environment cause by the inflation. Are they also have o pay extra tex for the weste levy? Which Is very unfair to the poor families pay for the levy. Besides the SMEs are also affected by waste levy, especially those in the catering industry. Some of the investigations, found out that about one-third of the disposal Is the food waste, so the catering Industry has to bear the brunt of waste levy.To those small restaurants, waste levy is increased their economic burden, and they will probably turn this tex burden to d third party, so they may Increase the price ot their tood. As a result, the citizens and customers will take up the additional ost of levy for the restaurants, so it doesn't help the Hong Kong econornic as well. Beside the problems to the SMEs and domestic families, the efficiency of waste levy is judging by the people, some of the people think this levy Is useless and wasting money.About the waste levy, there are two wap to implem ent this levy, one is the equal-share system. and one is collected individually on household basis. The equal- share system which means the levy Is charged by building, the levy Is shared between the residents. And this system may cause some unfair situations because of the residents have different amount of disposal. BLit f the levy Is based on household inefficient, besides there are many unsolved problems, for examples, should the levy be charged by volume or by weight of the waste? Exam Which methods would you use to conduct a study? Be specific. Compare (qualitative) ethnographic interviews with (quantitative) survey research. Be aware of research ethics. What is informed consent? What does the American Anthropological Association recommend regarding ethics (read about this in Cotta)? What practical problems can emerge during research? Examples include housing, personal safety, language, and access to research subjects. Contemplate this for your proposal. Recognize the major theoretical trends and how each trend approaches analyzing data.If I provide a description of a study, you should be able to determine which trend the author(s) used to help Interpret their data. (Understand how these trends helped formulate Ideas about culture. ) What Is a â€Å"reflexive† or â€Å"postmodern† ethnography (see Cotta, p. 4749, and Small)? For Smalls Voyages: From Tong Villages to American Suburbs, lectures and video clips: How did Cathy Smalls subject position aff ect her relationships with Tongs and the results of her research? What kinds of research techniques did she use? What dilemmas did she face?What was daily life like in Tong in the asses? Housing conditions? Daily activities of men and women? What changes had already taken place in tap and mat making, uses of cash? What changes had taken place in ‘Lounge and tap and mat making by the asses and then by 2010? What was Tong's social structure O. E. , social divisions among people) before Europeans arrived? What were some major changes Introduced during and after contact with Europeans? How id the social structure, land tenure and politics change from the asses to asses to 2010?Why were Tong people migrating to the U. S. , Australia and New Zealand? How did life and their social status change? What was their life like in the U. S.? What kinds of Jobs did they have? How did they feel about all of this? Compare the experiences and views of Seta and Mann, their daughters, Mali and Tat , Paul/ Emma, and Final. What did being Tong mean to each of them? How did Seta and Mann help other relatives? How did Tong migrants try to maintain the â€Å"Tong ay†? How did migration and remittances affect life and politics in Tong?In particular, how did migration and remittances affect family and religious celebrations? How did migration affect the migrant's social status (in the U. S. And In Tong)? Make sure you understand the following about Tong culture: organization of families (multiple generations In one household, children being adopted or moving between households, lots of visiting and long-term stays by relatives, separation of brothers and sisters after puberty, roles of eldest sister and eldest brother, and Exam They are already living in an expensive environment cause by the inflation. Are they also have o pay extra tex for the weste levy? Which Is very unfair to the poor families pay for the levy. Besides the SMEs are also affected by waste levy, especially those in the catering industry. Some of the investigations, found out that about one-third of the disposal Is the food waste, so the catering Industry has to bear the brunt of waste levy.To those small restaurants, waste levy is increased their economic burden, and they will probably turn this tex burden to d third party, so they may Increase the price ot their tood. As a result, the citizens and customers will take up the additional ost of levy for the restaurants, so it doesn't help the Hong Kong econornic as well. Beside the problems to the SMEs and domestic families, the efficiency of waste levy is judging by the people, some of the people think this levy Is useless and wasting money.About the waste levy, there are two wap to implem ent this levy, one is the equal-share system. and one is collected individually on household basis. The equal- share system which means the levy Is charged by building, the levy Is shared between the residents. And this system may cause some unfair situations because of the residents have different amount of disposal. BLit f the levy Is based on household inefficient, besides there are many unsolved problems, for examples, should the levy be charged by volume or by weight of the waste?

Source text

Write the reference Near-perfect reference Write the citation (Krakow 1994) (FDA consumer health Information 2009) Relevance audience / type of language currency connection/relevance to topic in depth information General public with specific interesting.No limit of age, no limit of education. Language: easy to read for anyone, good writing and understandable language, very simple. Currency: new York, 1994 without date. Tattoos, copyright Connection: the legal and forensic Issues General public, people who are interesting. The website has some deep vocabulary; however, it is easy to understand. Currency: the last report update was October 2009. Connection: the site has a lot of information about tattoos, supplies history Depth information: the site provides the advantages and disadvantages of tattoosAuthority reputable author other sources referred to (or links supplied) organization type Author: My Krakow is expert at tattoos. The main content of the book is about what are the tattoo s, history, and the shortages of tattoos. Warner books press is an educational and academic publisher. – consumer health information Author: FDA There are a lot of references supplies for information given E. G. History, advantages and disadvantages.Organization: FDA consumer health information Reliability goal/purpose & kind of information objectivity remarry or secondary source Goal: inform the public about most of information of tattoos; make them know more about tattoos. Objectivity: Workbooks. Com is a one-stop online source It should be primary source Goal: inform the public information about advantages and disadvantages of tattoos Objective: the website no any advertisement. There are a lot of evidences. Primary: a highly recommend as a primary source for academic report. General comment on suitability of resource (I. E. Why you would or would not use this resource)

“Is There a Duty to Die” by John Hardwig Essay

â€Å"Is There a Duty to Die† and â€Å"A Duty to Care Revisited† debate over one’s duty to others when a life becomes burdensome to others. Who is more morally obligated, the caregivers or the sick and elderly? Cohn and Lynn argue that we are morally obligated to care for the dying and allow them to take their time, while Hardwig believes that the dying have an obligation to die rather than burden their loved ones. I believe that a moderate approach should be taken to the issue. I agree with Hardwig that it should be a mutual decision between the dying and their family, but I do not believe that there may ever be a situation where a person is morally obligated to die. The right to life trumps everything, however there may be circumstances when it may be more moral to die rather than burden caregivers and loved ones. John Hardwig believes that â€Å"there is a duty to refuse life-prolonging treatment and also a duty to complete advance directives refusing life-prolonging treatment† (35). He holds this view when one’s illness would cause death and even when one would prefer to live. He backs up his argument by reminding us that our actions affect others, not just ourselves, and he believes that our duty to loved ones is greater than our own right to life. He believes that since medical care and treatment can be financially burdensome to our families, if the benefit to the dying is minor in comparison then there is a duty to die to relieve loved ones of this financial burden. Hardwig provides two compelling examples: the case of Captain Oates and the case of the 87-year-old woman with congestive heart failure. Captain Oates was a member of an expedition to the South Pole when he became too sick to continue on the mission. It became apparent that he would not be able to make the rest of the journey and that he also would not be capable of making the journey home. His team remained stationed with him, trying to bring him back to health even though they all knew he had basically no chance of survival. So, one night he left the tent and disappeared into a blizzard without saying a word to his crew. Was he morally obligated to die or were his teammates morally obligated to care for him? Cohn and Lynn would say that his crew had a duty to care for him, while Hardwig believes that he had a duty to die to save the lives of his team. I find both of these approaches too extreme. Hardwig at least says that it is always circumstantial when one can be morally obligated to die. However, this is where we differ because I strongly disagree with his word choice. â€Å"Obligated† is too severe of a term to apply when life and death are being discussed. It may be more morally correct to die when it one’s life becomes too cumbersome upon loved ones, but to be obligated to die contradicts the right to life. Saying that someone is morally obligated to die is prima facie, morally wrong. For the case of the 87-year-old woman with congestive heart failure, I would again say that it is more morally correct to be willing to die, but if the woman wanted to live no one had the right to tell her to die. The doctors told her she had less than a fifty percent chance to live for six more months. â€Å"She was lucid, assertive, and terrified of death,† summarizes Hardwig (37). The woman demanded the most aggressive treatment because she wanted to live, which she did for almost two years. Although her quality of life lessened through the incessant treatments, she still managed to survive. This sounds like a miracle until you learn that her one daughter was her only caregiver and provider. Hardwig says that her daughter lost â€Å"her savings, her home, her job, and her career† (37). I believe that it can generally be said that the daughter lost more than her mother would have if her mother had chosen to die rather than live for those two more years, but can it be definitively said that the mother had a duty to die? I do not believe so. No one forced the daughter to care for her mother- it was her choice. True, it may have been a greedy decision on the mothers’ behalf to ask her daughter to provide the finances necessary to prolong her life, but the daughter had every right to say that she did not have the means necessary to provide for her mother. I believe that the mother and daughter both made choices that cannot be determined to be morally obligatory. The mother took advantage of her daughters’ love and kindness, but it has not been taken into account whether or not the daughter was emotionally ready to lose her mother. Perhaps the daughter wanted to have her mother as long as she could. Although this may not for certain be the case, it also can not be said that the daughter was forced, or obligated, to provide for her mother. However Cohn and Lynn would disagree because they believe that, â€Å"the better social policy lies not in encouraging an obligation to die but in ensuring an obligation to care for the dying† (103). They confront Hardwig’s view of the emotional impact on the family. He admits that death impacts the entire family and not just the individual, but fails to account for the trauma and guilt felt by survivors even in the case of a â€Å"justifiable† suicide. Family members often have immense feelings of grief and guilt even if they understand the reasoning behind a suicide or if they knew it was coming. There may never be a sufficient classification for how to act in situations like these. Even if the daughter of the 87-year-old woman with congestive heart failure had decided not to fund her mothers’ treatment, she would almost certainly feel remorse after her mother was gone. People often take for granted time they have with loved ones, even if it is a few years. Had she not provided the money for her mother, she might have later realized that there is no price equivalent to a life. If her mother had been living in pain and had no sense of who she was and where she was then it might have been easier for her to say she would not fund the medications and treatments, in that case she would have had more peace of mind for saving her mother pain. However, as Hardwig stated, the woman was conscious of her surroundings and had normal functional abilities for her age, but most importantly she wanted to live. How can it be said that anyone has the right to take her right to life away from her? I do not believe that it can be. Everyone has different dynamics within their family and it is intrusive to say that someone’s’ family member is obligated to die simply to save the rest of their family money. By saying so, Hardwig borders on saying that life can be given a value with a dollar amount. Although he scarcely saves himself by stating that no general rule may be determined because every situation is different, I do not believe that there is any situation that would appropriate saying that any person is obligated to die, let alone a family member. I think that it is much easier said than done. It would be incredibly difficult to condemn a family member to death if they still had the capacity for life. After reviewing the opinions of Hardwig, Cohn and Lynn, I found my view in the middle (or completely outside all of their views depending on how you look at it.) I do not believe that there is a reason to say that a person is obligated to die no matter how sick or old they are. Everyone has the right to life and no one has the right to take that right away. Works Cited Cohn, Felicia, and Joanne Lynn. â€Å"A Duty to Care Revisited.† Ethics in Practice: An Anthology (2007): 103-13. Web. Hardwig, John. â€Å"Is There a Duty to Die.† The Hastings Center Report 2nd ser. 27 (1977): 34-42. JSTOR. Web.

Critique of Ada and Affirmative Action Paper

Critique of ADA and Affirmative Action Paper The population of the Unites States of America consists of a variety people. Many races, cultures, and beliefs exist in the country. Individuals also vary upon characteristics, genetics, mental capabilities, and social status. The Unites States of America is known as the â€Å"land of the opportunity† (Home of Heroes, 2011) across the world. Individuals travel near and far to join the country. Over the years, many individuals have come to the country. They have established families and became citizens. Other cultures, and even other characteristics, haven’t always been welcome. In the past years, individuals, organizations, educators, and government have discriminated against these minority groups. Minority groups ranked at the bottom when being considered for a job or school. Minority groups were not treated the same as the average population in many organizations and society. Two acts have been imposed to stop the discrimination of these minorities. The imposed acts are known as Affirmative Action and the Americans with Disability Act (ADA). This paper defines both imposed acts, past to present. Affirmative Action The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines Affirmative Action as â€Å"positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. † (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001) The history Affirmative Action has a long history. It was first used in the 1960’s in the Civil Rights Act. In 1965 the President ordered Affirmative Action to be applied to federal contractors (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001). Imposing Affirmative Action resulted in organization creating quotas. Quotas are known as a â€Å"plan† to allow a specific amount of individuals per minority to be hired or utilized. Due to these quotas, Affirmative Action wasn’t working as expected. It was later determined, quotas are not applicable and defeat the purpose of Affirmative Action. The purpose Affirmative Action has a main purpose to create fairness between minorities and the larger populations. Affirmative Action mandates organizations, schools, and government to consider minority individuals without bias to minority. Minority individuals must receive the same treatment and opportunity as any other individual, who is not in a minority population. Controversy As with many other acts and laws, controversy follows Affirmative Action. Despite the purpose of Affirmative Action, individuals often argue the contents of the action are unconstitutional. Some organization set plans for Affirmative Action and controversy often follows. Many organizations still manage to have quotas, which cause controversy. Controversy seems to be unlimited when concerning Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action may need to be strict to stop controversy, if possible. American Disability Act â€Å"Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) â€Å"The ADA covers employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations. The ADA’s nondiscrimination standards also apply to federal sector employees under section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, as amended, and its implementing rules. † (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) ADA defines disabilities The Americans with Disabilities Act defines an disabled individual in by three factors. These factors include: * Mental or physical impairment which hinders an individuals’ ability to perform one or more â€Å"major life activities† (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) * Has been diagnosed as having the impairment described * Has been regarded as having the impairment described Organization requirements The Americans with Disability Act requires organizations to follow specific guidelines to be compliant with ADA. Besides, giving disabled individuals equal opportunity to employment and education, the organizations must be functional for disabled. The organizations facility must be accessible. Schedules and work tools may need to be modified to fit disabled individuals. â€Å"An employer is required to make a reasonable accommodation to the known disability of a qualified applicant or employee if it would not impose anâ€Å"undue hardship† on the operation of the employer’s business. Reasonable accommodations are adjustments or modifications provided by an employer to enable people with disabilities to enjoy equal employment opportunities. Accommodations vary depending upon the needs of the individual applicant or employee. † (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) Conclusion United States of America consist of many diverse individuals. Many of these individuals are included in minority groups. Minority groups have been treated poorly in the past. Although mistreatment of minority individual still occurs, specific acts imposed by the government have decreased the statistics. Affirmative Action was imposed to create fair and equal opportunity to minority groups. Affirmative Action includes government and educators. Americans with Disability Acts (ADA) is another act to assist a specific minority, disabled. The ADA creates an equal opportunity for disabled individuals in the areas of work and education. This act covers hiring processes and reasonable accommodations. As the United States population grows, so do minority groups. The government has implemented these acts to give fairness to the growing minorities. The country values equal employee opportunity. References Home of Heroes. (2009-2011). Land of Opportunity. Retrieved from http://www. homeofheroes. com/hallofheroes/2nd_floor/opportunity/index. html Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001, December 28). Affirmative Action. Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/affirmative-action/ U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission. (2008, September 9). Facts About the Americans with Disability Act. Retrieved from http://www. eeoc. gov/facts/fs-ada. html

Would it be conceivable for all nations to agree upon and ratify a Essay

Would it be conceivable for all nations to agree upon and ratify a comprehensive code to govern international trade in the not too distant future Examine all a - Essay Example ed from all countries around the world (with no differentiations suggested) is a quite challenging task; each country within the international community has its own priorities and interests and the satisfaction of all these interests around the world is not feasible. As an example, referring especially to the issue of ethics in businesses worldwide, it has been proved that ‘cultural differences often limit the effectiveness of a uniform international code of ethics because they create a lack of consensus within a profession as to what constitutes acceptable behaviour’ (Vanasco, 1994, 12). In other areas also the development of a text that will be accepted by all participants (referring to the trade transactions globally) is not easy to be achieved. However, intensive efforts have been made by states internationally in order to develop a code of international trade that will be acceptable by all countries around the world (no matter their social, political or cultural cha racteristics). The potential feasibility of the above target is examined in this paper referring to similar efforts made between specific states within the international community. Moreover, the terms of success of these efforts are being examined trying to identify the key elements of applicability of the relevant plans either in the short or the long term. The leaders of states have been proved to have a critical role in the success of these projects; however other criteria, like the position of the countries globally (in political and financial terms) as well as its power to support its policies have been found to have a role in the success of these plans internationally. International trade has many different aspects. Its effects on the economy of each country globally can be significant. For this reason, in the literature and the empirical research the potential chances for success of relevant schemes (based on a code applied internationally) have been extensively examined. In order to

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