Code of Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Code of ethics Paper EssayThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a well-known government based prep aredness that presents a web site that keeps its customer base well set forthed on a wide variety of topics. Providing and gathering knowledge for doctors and patients, this facility and website give ear as an investigator. This ranges from heath issues to the medicine used to treat. The NIH has been a crash of history ranging from advances in penicillin to machines used such as the MRI. Also, NIH has funded and researched thousands of drugs and physicians to find cures and treatment. As a team up we believe that the NIH has social, respectable issues, as well as stopping points that are met every day as a part of their social responsibility. NIHs mission is to examine fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance wellness, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. (USA.Gov, 2013)NIHs goa ls and their honest principlesIf everyone were timid about un honest research, nobody will participate or volunteer. Without the research subjects, developing new medicine and treatments would be impossible. Because millions of egoless and generous research volunteers, the demesne has benefited from an array of medical advances in used today. Further more than, Effective chemformer(a)apy and radiation treatments have cured millions of people with cancer, such as breast, thyroid, pancreatic, and cervical cancer to name a few. Additionally, we have also benefited from numerous vaccines that protect from deadly disease, for instance, polio, measles, chicken pox, and the seasonal flu. Moreover, these medical advances have made it possible to increase awareness about feeding and health lifestyles (NIH, 2013). The National Health Institutes goals are to cultivate and promote fundamental creative discoveries, innovative research strategies and their application as a basis for ultimat ely protecting and improving health (NIH, 2013, para. 1). In addition, their goals are also for helping support, and renew scientific human and physical resources that will apology the Nation competency to prevent disease (NIH, 2013, para. 1) Furthermore, they work tirelessly toexpand the knowledge base in medical and sciences to enhance the Nations scotch welfare and guarantee a proceed high return on the public investment in research (NIH, 2013, para. 1). According to the Journal of the American medical examination Association (JAMA), before any research is started there are seven ethical principles the researchers must(prenominal)iness comply with. These principles help to clarify meticulously a coherent framework for assessing the ethics of any clinical research studies (1) social value- the research or study must define how are peoples health or well-being will improve (2) scientific validity- the research must have a hypothesis to be tested, and controlled (3) fair subj ect selection- an abroad group of people must be selected , including age (over 18), gender, and race, not vulnerable or privileged (4)favorable risk-benefit ratio- the research shows that the riskier the study the more ethical it is considered (5) independent look into- an external group must review the research and will approve it or denied it. This practice makes people believe the study is more ethical and unbiased. Also, this will minimize potential conflicts of interest (6) inform consent- the subject must be mentally capable to understand the full disclosure of the research, the decision must be voluntary (7) respect for the enrolled subject- the volunteers privacy must be protected, withdrawal from the study cannot be denied, and their health must al modes be monitored. The researchers have the obligation to treat everyone who volunteers in an experiment ethically and respectfully (Emanuel, Wendler, Grady, 2000 NIH Clinical Center Department of Bioethics, 2012).NIHs cultur e and ethical decision makingThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) is one of the largest organizations in the world with regard to researching advancements in medicine and the improvement in delivery of health care. Culturally speaking, the NIH is as diverse as the population it endures services to. Therefore, the NIH encourages health care declare oneselfrs to become more culturally competent in order to assist them in improving the quality of services they provide. According to the NIH, (2013) Cultural competency is critical to reducing health disparities and improving access to high-quality health care health care that is respectful of and responsive to the needs of diverse patients (par. 3). Possessing a better knowledge of the culturesa health care provider delivers services to will allow him or her the ability to provide a higher quality of care and enable him or her to tarry ethical when critical decisions need to be made. Currently, the NIH is collaboration with other g roups and organizations to help health care providers become more aware of the cultures they serve, which in turn, will provide better quality of care to all Americans (NIH, 2013). End of life is an area of health care the NIH suggests is especially critical with regard to culture and making ethical decisions (NIH, 2013). There are many different cultures in the United States that do not share the same read of view when it comes to a family members last wishes. An expression called Diverse decisions. How culture affects ethical decision making, written by Wright, Cohen, and Caroselli explains the importance of cultural competence and ethical decision making at the point of a patients end of life. This crucial aspect of health care can be especially challenging to health care providers if they are not known with their patients cultural preferences. If not treated with the sensitivity a family requires culturally, the health care provider will alike(p)ly encounter problems in assi sting the family in arriving at an ethical decision that best helps the patient. As stated by Wright, Cohen, and Caroselli, (1997) When these difficulties are coupled with ineffective communication related to cultural insensitivity or unawareness, the effects can be devastating (par. 1). Few moments in life present as many challenges as the end of a family members life. Therefore, the NIH not completely challenges its organization to become more culturally competent, it also encourages and assists health care providers to do the same, especially when assisting patients and their families in making the appropriate ethical decision.NIHs ethical values supporting our ethical valuesThe NIH has clearly stated that turning discovery into health is part of their mission statement. Supporting this ethical decision in the United States alone there are many individuals with chronic diseases or health issues. Therefore, it is safe to say that because the mission of the NIH is to find cures an d treatments to better our nation is in correspondence with most. According to the NIH, (2013) Nearly half of all Americans have a chronic medical condition. NIH research makes significant strides towardtreating and preventing these enormous-term illnesses. Along with promoting wellness, the NIH develops new technological tools to treat any or most ailments in the USA. They are always looking for bright and positive new recruits to help research and enlighten the NIH to provide answers to thousands of individuals who have questions. The NIH has conducted research and found that cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cardiovascular disease is on the decline because of the research they have contributed to society. Because of their code of ethics they are helping babies that are born today live to a common age of 79, a vast improvement from the last 100 years. NIH believes it invests over $30.9* billion annually in medical research for the American people. (USA.Gov, 2013) and posted under NIH budget they write Research for the People, a clear message that this company is high in ethical values. They plan on widening the research capacity of our country and foster exploration. For any individual finding treatment for loved ones or ones self goes hand in hand with the ethical beliefs of the NIH.Social responsibility for NIH in the residential districtNIH has proven itself to be socially responsible for not only the community but the entire population. They have done research and contributed a vast amount of information that physicians, staff, and patients alike use on a perfunctory basis for personal or practice knowledge. For example, the NIH has provided hundreds of thousands of jobs to research new technology and to find cures ever the past years. In addition, to directly supporting research, NIH funding spurs an expansive amount of spin-off economic growth in our communities, ranging from scientific equipment suppliers to biotech firms to businesses offering foo d and lodging. (USA.Gov, 2013) So not only has it contributed to health of the population, but is has proved financial contributions to the population. It has contributed more than $62 billion in revenue. Because of NIHs research it will have not only short term effects but long term ones as well. Employing over one million employees to do research and development, the NIH has made a vast contribution for jobs to those who do not have one. Providing tours and other means to understand what they do to the public, they encourage public awareness. Providing funds for over 130 Nobel prize winners that have created such instruments like the MRI, NIH scientists have paved the way for many and future scientists. TheNIH expects to expand the knowledge base in medical and associated sciences in order to enhance the Nations economic well-being and ensure a continued high return on the public investment in research. (USA.Gov, 2013) Providing leadership for this frontier in medical research, N IH is constantly making new advancements. Keeping record of all research done in the past 100 years, the NIH keeps these records so future generations can learn. In conclusion, the goals of the NIH are to provide medical research, for the population of the USA. Their goal is to find cure and increase the wellness of the surrounding population. Also, the NIH is made up of a culturally diverse population making it successful in finding, hardening or preventing most or all ailments. Encouraging physicians to be more culturally diverse, is one of the NIHs main goals because of the background in genetics and their diseases. Their ethical values support ours because we are all in the same country. Where thousands if not hundreds of thousands diseases are present every day, and as part of the population most would like to see research and treatments available. Our practical wisdom must balance the shifting demands and possibilities that our changing circumstances present. (Fremgan, 2009) Knowing our past is important as knowing our future. And the NIH has provided a sanctuary for both. As a team we believe that the NIH has social, ethical issues, as well as goals that are met every day as a part of their social responsibility.ReferencesNational Institutes of Health, (2013). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from http//www.nih.gov/about/FAQ.htmUSA.Gov. (2013). National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from http//www.nih.gov/ Wright, F., Cohen, S., Caroselli, C., (1997). Diverse decisions. How culture affects ethical Decision making. Division of Nursing, New York University, New York. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9136346Fremgan, B. (2009). Medical Law and Ethics (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database